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Ensuring social protection for all children and other vulnerable groups is critical to reduce poverty.ĭeveloping countries are most at risk during – and in the aftermath – of the pandemic, not only as a health crisis but as a devastating social and economic crisis over the months and years to come. One out of five children live in extreme poverty. In fact, 8 per cent of employed workers and their families worldwide lived in extreme poverty in 2018. Worldwide, the poverty rate in rural areas is 17.2 per cent -more than three times higher than in urban areas.įor those who work, h aving a job does not guarantee a decent living. The majority of people living on less than $1.90 a day live in sub-Saharan Africa. More than 700 million people, or 10 per cent of the world population, still live in extreme poverty today, struggling to fulfil the most basic needs like health, education, and access to water and sanitation, to name a few. This would be the first time that poverty has increased globally in thirty years, since 1990. New research published by the UNU World Institute for Development Economics Research warns that the economic fallout from the global pandemic could increase global poverty by as much as half a billion people, or 8% of the total human population. But the pace of change is decelerating and the COVID-19 crisis risks reversing decades of progress in the fight against poverty. The ancient Roman Calendar added an extra month every few years to stay in sync with the seasons, similar to the Chinese leap month.Globally, the number of people living in extreme poverty declined from 36 per cent in 1990 to 10 per cent in 2015. This was not corrected until the introduction of the Gregorian calendar more than 1500 years later, when a number of days were skipped to realign our calendar with the seasons. This formula produced too many leap years, causing the Julian calendar to drift apart from the tropical year at a rate of 1 day per 128 years. The Julian calendar, which was named after him, had only one rule: any year evenly divisible by four would be a leap year. Leap years in the western calendar were first introduced over 2000 years ago by Roman general Julius Caesar. Roman general Julius Caesar first introduced leap years. The year 2000 was somewhat unique as it was the first instance when the third criterion was used in most parts of the world since the start of the transition from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar in 1582.
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Then it is a leap year.Īccording to these rules, the years 20 are leap years, The year is also evenly divisible by 400. If the year can also be evenly divided by 100, it is not a leap year In the Gregorian calendar, three criteria must be taken into account to identify leap years:
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Leap Year Rules: How to Calculate Leap Years
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It's still not perfect, but the resulting deviation is very small. The Gregorian calendar addresses this by employing a slightly more complicated set of rules to determine which years are leap years. However, the deviation between the common year and the tropical year is a little less than 6 hours. The deviation would grow to exactly 24 hours over 4 years, and Earth would need exactly one day to catch up to the position in its orbit where it was 4 years prior. If the tropical year was precisely 6 hours longer than a calendar year with 365 days, we could use the Julian calendar, which adds a leap day every 4 years without exception.
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Leap days fix that error by giving Earth the additional time it needs to complete a full circle around the Sun.Įxact timings for spring, summer, fall, and winter Why Don't We Add a Leap Day Every 4 Years? Allow this to happen for a while, and Northern Hemisphere dwellers will be celebrating Christmas in the middle of summer in a matter of a few centuries. With a deviation of approximately 6 hours per year, the seasons would shift by about 24 calendar days within 100 years. If we didn't add a leap day on February 29 almost every four years, each calendar year would begin about 6 hours before the Earth completes its revolution around the Sun (see illustration).Īs a consequence, our time reckoning would slowly drift apart from the tropical year and get increasingly out of sync with the seasons. However, the Gregorian calendar has only 365 days in a year. This is called a tropical year, and it starts on the March equinox. It takes Earth approximately 365.242189 days, or 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes, and 45 seconds, to circle once around the Sun. Leap days keep our modern-day Gregorian calendar in alignment with Earth's revolutions around the Sun.